Pitch Blade Control Prototype Design for Vertical Axis Wind Power Plant
Overview
This project is my final assignment project at Riau university. This project focuses on designing a blade controller on a vertical-axis wind turbine. This blade control is designed to take advantage of the pitch angle using actuators applied to each blade on a Proportional basis, Integral & Derivative (PID) algorithm.
The PID algorithm searches for the appropriate pitch angle value on a wind turbine's vertical axis. The effect from The pitch angle of the wind turbine serves to maintain the weight of mechanical power by the power available in the wind. During the execution of this project, it was divided into three stages: designing prototypes using Solidworks, making prototypes and testing prototypes using MATLAB (Simulink).
Design Concepts
When the wind begins to provide its energy, the wind speed will be read by the sensor, which is the anemometer. In addition to the anemometer, the optocoupler, as a speed sensor, will also read the speed of the wind turbine. The controller will receive the data obtained from the two sensors. The controller calculates the power based on these two data.
Suppose the power value obtained by the wind turbine is different from the available power in the wind. In that case, the controller will instruct the servo motor as an actuator to change the pitch angle on the blade so that the received wind is perpendicular to the blade. In this condition, the blade will receive maximum wind power so that the wind turbine can produce power by the power available in the wind.
Implementation
Stage One
Calculations are made to determine the size of a vertical axis wind turbine, including the blade's height, diameter and chord, and then apply it through Solidworks.
Stage Two
The model that has been made in Solidworks is then realized using the lightest possible material so that the wind turbine can rotate smoothly
Stage Three
The blade pitch controller is modeled, which will later be applied to the prototype and tested through MATLAB (Simulink). This test shows the output power produced by the prototype with a blade pitch controller so that the output will be beyond the mechanical power of the wind turbine.
Result
Testing with a wind speed of 7 m/s was chosen according to the construction designed on the VAWT. A wind speed of 7 m/s is the middle speed between the minimum speed (3 m/s) and the maximum speed (12 m/s).
In the first figure, it is known that the value of the turbine speed produced is 118.4025 rad/s. With the turbine
rotational speed, a torque of 3.0500 N.m is generated and a mechanical power of 362.5950 watts. So that it
produces a power coefficient of 1.7261, in Fig. 4, it can be seen that the system reaches a stable state faster
than an uncontrolled wind turbine at the same wind speed.
From the second figure, the VL-L produced by PMSG reaches 41.0130 volts with an ILine of 0.9472 A. From the line-line voltage and the RMS value is 38.9710 V and 0.9 A. The electrical power obtained by the turbine wind at a speed of 7 m/s obtained 57.1153 watts.
This work has been published on Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro dan Informatika (JITEKI) :